An Overview of the Hospitality and Tourism Industry Research Paper

An Overview of the Hospitality and Tourism Industry - Research Paper Example This "An Overview of the Hospitality and Tourism Industry" outlines and analyze the restaurant management in Chicago and defines the main aims of it in order to improve this branch of hospitality and to attract new customers. The everyday life in Chicago is very fast and competitive and people barely find time to spare for unconstructive activities such as enjoying an exclusive feast. College students and working class always prefer grabbing a quick snack between breaks and only wish to give minimal lead time between ordering food and being served. Since Chicago represents one of the busiest commercial and capital hubs of America, there are high stakes involved and thus various strict regulatory bodies exist that closely monitor all food and hospitality businesses. Not only the mandatory standards are complied with, but restaurants also attempt to meet requirements of voluntary codes pertaining to quality, health, hygiene and safety. This social business is for the public at large an d hence to gain their support and create goodwill amongst diversified population of Chicago, it is crucial to fulfill needs of the desired market niche. Demographics of targeted market segment must be carefully studied and preferences be analyzed before establishing the offered menu and the overall aura of restaurant. In order to outperform hundreds of brands already prevailing in the market, some uniqueness and exclusivity needs to be developed that attracts customers who can find those factors nowhere else. This may be the special food, innovative methodology or unrivaled services. Innovation through technology Technology has swayed the hospitality industry of Chicago in recent decades. New innovations are highly valued by the Chicago people and thus all famous brands continue to develop and introduce newer methods of cooking and serving through usage of technology. Moreover, few inventions such as the social media, has helped businesses in collecting vast amount of demographic in formation of customers and in conducting mass marketing campaigns. Often, new restaurants market their business on social media portals and operate online only for collecting orders and making deliveries, with no physical dine-out outlet and hence save substantial costs. Furthermore, various brands have introduced self-service stalls in different busy locations of Chicago; these booths have automated equipment with no human intervention. A customer can conveniently place

Healthcare Costs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Healthcare Costs - Assignment Example A look into the year 2005, expenditure on health care was about $2 trillion or $6,697 per capita, which correspond to 16% of the GDP. The continued rise in health spending over the last four decades is going to go higher, and the expenditure will reach $4trillion, which is 20% of the GDP, by the year 2015. For many years, the continued increase in health care expenditure has been the center of heated debate in the US for many years. Research work and anecdotal reports influence further concerns. This points out that the rise in the health care expenditure is likely to harm the US economy. Expenditures on health care have the potential to affect an economy in a number of diverse and complex ways. In addition, the emerging effects may vary across all sectors of an economy as well as across population groups. One notable impact of increased expenditure on health care is the decline in the general economic growth. However, the same effect has the potential to boost economic growth in som e sectors of an economy. Therefore, gaining an understanding of how increased expenditure on health care affects the economy requires an evaluation through various dimensions (Eaton et al, 2002). The state, Federal, and the local governments have the duty to collect taxes from households and business premises. The tax collections help to finance public health insurance programs as well as providing direct health care to households. On the other hand, the businesses are responsible for providing employment to households and health insurance to their employees. Therefore, the households emerge as the final consumers of the health care and at the same time bear some costs on health care (Eaton et al, 2002). It is worth noting that the impacts of health care on a single sector are likely to affect results from other sectors. An example is a situation where the government reduces its expenditure on health care by reducing the eligibility for public health insurance. This action by the go vernment leads to an increase in un-insurance rates among households. At the same time, an increase in health care expenditure in also likely to cause an increase in taxes, reduction on investments on other critical sectors or increased government borrowing. It is also likely that companies will cut down employment and investment as a result of increased expenditures on health care (Eaton et al, 2002). The other likely effect of increased health care expenditures is inflation on the US economy. This will cause goods and services from the US to be less competitive in the international market because increased expenditures on health care will lead to an increase in product prices. Finally, increased expenditure on health care is likely to make health care inaccessible to many, produce bankrupt consumers, and reduce peoples’ retirement savings (Pauly et al, 2009). Impacts of the affordable health care for America Act HR 3962 On November, 2009, the House of representatives passed the Affordable Health Care for America Act with a vote of 220 to 215. The aim of this Act is to offer affordable, quality health care to all Americans. The bill is a multifaceted one and addresses diverse issues concerning the improvement of the health care system. Improvements on the health system include expansion of health insurance coverage, amending Medicare payments regulations in both traditional and advantage plans.

The problem of democratic regimes in central Europe Essay Example for Free

The problem of democratic regimes in central Europe Essay The First World War which was aimed at making the world safe for democracy had far reaching consequences. More than thirty countries had embraced the spirit of democratization and thus adopting democratic constitutions, a few years after the Treaty of Versailles. A large number of states in Central and Eastern Europe had become democratic. The majority of these countries were new nations that emerged as a consequence of Versailles. Linking up with the prevailing democratic spirit was thus quite natural. The trend spread from Estonia in the North to Albania in the south. It was a period characterized by great hopes for the future of democracy. Before long, the tide began to turn. A counter wave was beginning to take shape, and would gradually gather more and more momentum and strength. The 1920s and 1930s were characterized by far reaching setbacks for democracy. This new trend was witnessed in Petrograd in 1917, with the overthrow of the republican regime and closure of the democratically elected Duma by the Bolsheviks. This same method of gaining power was successfully used by right-wing nationalist forces in other countries. In 1922, Mussolini assumed the leadership of a group of Italian fascists and matched on Rome. He did not encounter much resistance and managed to oust the elected government and make himself a dictator. This came to be a trend setting event. Mussolinis daring act greatly inspired the German Nazis. Democracy thus fell victim to usurpers for many European lands. By the final years of 1930s, virtually every country in Central Europe was under authoritarian government (Rothschild, 1990). In the 1930s, nearly every state that had introduced a civilian and democratic regime shifted to military rule. With the conclusion of a pact between Hitler and Stalin in 1939 which allowed each to expand within his respective sphere of interest, the prospects of democracy seemed bleak. In Czechoslovakia, armed German assault abolished the existing democratic system. Belgium, Netherlands, France, Norway, Luxembourg and Denmark soon came under the same spell. Meanwhile, Finland came under Soviet attack. At the beginning of 1940s, democratic governments were very few. In the en tire world, the number of democratic countries amounted to about ten. Autocracy appeared to be sweeping everything before it. This paper is concerned with the problems that democracy faced during the nineteen twenties and nineteen thirties. It particularly looks at the challenges and threats that faced democracy during this period of time and the consequences of such challenges. The recurrent scene of liberal democracies falling victims to dictatorship dominated inter-war politics. The western powers hoped that their victory would bring in an epoch modeled in their own image. This was backed by the fact that the European continent at the beginning of the Great War had nineteen monarchies and three republics with the number of republics increasing to sixteen while that of monarchies decreasing to fourteen. Yet, the democratic revolution soon proved to be illusory. Not one democratic country could last a year before its democratic constitution became violated by one or other brand of dictator. This phenomenon cannot be attributed to a single cause except for the inability of the Western Powers to defend the regimes that they had inspired. All the brands of dictators shared the conviction that Western democracy was not meant for them. The problem of democracy emanated from both the subjective and objective basis of politics. The subjective aspects of the social foundations of politics were however more difficult to influence than their more objectifiable structural side. Although it is clear that more durable forms of political systems have to be rooted in a more general supportive culture, its more specific elements in most cases defy clearer specification and quantification (Berg-Schlosser Mitchell, 2000). A sense of identification with a politys very existence is a precondition for any form of polity, both with regards its geographical national extension and its legitimate quality. Where there is an absence of either of these elements, or where they are undergoing basic changes, this can to a certain extent and temporarily be replaced by mere force or repression. However, in the longer run, important aspects of political structure and political culture have to be brought in line (Auer, 2004). For the democratic political system, this implies a general respect for the dignity of every human individual and its rights, a particular degree of mutual tolerance and trust in society, and a wider acceptance of democratic rules of the game. Among the things that presented a threat to democracy were Germany and Soviet Russia. These two countries also presented the two fundamental revisionist threats to the interwar territorial and social settlements. Even though many democratic European governments were wary of Bolshevik danger, Germany proved to be the basic menace. Neither in absolute nor in relative terms had Germany been made weak to the extent that had been assumed in the 1920s. Within Germany, the Germans failed to identify with democracy and instead viewed is as an obstacle. The Soviet Union on the other hand wanted to expand the extent of communism. Democracy thus suffered from these forces that it seemed incapable of conquering. As such, weak democratic regimes had to succumb to the emerging ideologies and force of dominant forces. As such, the very structure of the various European societies that supported various ideologies also posed a problem for democracy. The alliance option for other classes in both the late nineteenth century and in the twenties and thirties was changed by the existence of a large landed class which also changed the political outcomes. The authoritarian options for the bourgeoisie were opened up to the extent that the alliance of landlord-state-bourgeois impacted on the politics of the middle class and peasantry, locking out options for the working class (Davies, 1996). This in itself dealt presented various obstacles for democracy. It can also be said that the breakdown of democracy in interwar Europe was a consequence of the agrarian class relations and patterns of state-class alliances of the nineteenth and early twentieth century’s. As such, it may be generally claimed that the major problem that democracy faced in Central Europe during the 1920s and 1930s was the incoherence between the thoughts, social, political and economic structures of the countries. Today, it is now generally accepted that democracy needs a supportive culture, even if it is agreed that this culture can be strongly shaped by temporary and short-term factors including economic performance, and by other underlying variables such as the institutional setting upon which this culture is set. Popular support for the establishment of an independent civil society integrating intermediate group and associations which feed into the political process and aggregate different societal interests is also needed. Since the freedom of speech, religion, media, assembly and the right to form independent groups and opposition parties were all suppressed during the communist era, the norms associated with civic culture had to take time to establish itself.

Can the Tax Industry Be Self-regulated?

Can the Tax Industry Be Self-regulated? Tax Summative:Â  Critically discuss the assertion that the tax industry cannot be trusted to regulate itself. Introduction, how is UK Tax Industry regulated? HMRC What ways have HMRC been successful? PwC scandal FOR Assertion Ethics Final Opinion It is well known that tax advisory work within the UK is a legally unregulated profession, therefore in order to uphold high standards, the profession depends heavily upon self-regulation by the professional bodies. It is understood that the accounting profession is more prevalent than the legal profession within the market for large business tax advice in the UK. The efficacious tax advisory role of accountants in the UK may, to a certain extent, be explained by the sound working relationships that conventionally exist between the accountancy firms and HMRC, the UK tax authority. It can be argued that that strong relationships with the UK tax authority have corroborated the advising position of the UK accountancy profession. The direct regulations of the tax advisory profession in the UK include a professional code of conduct that warrants professional conduct by incorporating aspects such as due care, integrity, confidentiality and objectivity, tax advisers who are affiliates of the CIOT (Chartered Institute of Taxation), ATT (Association of Taxation Technicians), or accountancy professional bodies are under obligation to follow this code. Consequently, affiliates who disregard the professional code may be scrutinised by the Taxation Disciplinary Board, which is an independent body established in 2001 by the CIOT and ATT. In addition, a percentage of tax advisers are bound by supplementary codes, for instance member firms of KPMG International practice a Global Code of Conduct which discloses the internal governance affairs of all KPMG firms. As a result of the investigations lead by the US Department of Justice into the US member firm of KPMG International with regard to the trade of tax shelters in th e US between 1996 and 2002, KPMG UK (as of 2004) now apply the UK Principles of Tax Advice which summarises the governance operations of KPMG UK in relation to taxation. The unfavourable perception of the UK tax advisory profession has encouraged the implementation of professional codes by the UK tax advisory bodies that highlight a high level of societal accountability of the tax profession, going past perceptions that stick to the definition of the law. Alongside direct regulations of the tax industry, indirect regulations of the tax advisory profession in the UK also exist. In spite of heated discussions in recent years, the UK Government has abstained from putting into effect legislation that would directly regulate the tax industry. However, UK policymakers have acknowledged tax avoidance schemes by introducing new legislation. Rules regarding the Disclosure of Tax Avoidance Schemes, or more commonly referred to as DOTAS, introduced new reporting obligations for both taxpayers as well as their advisors commencing from 2004. In addition, following detailed examination, the General Anti-Abuse Rule (GAAR) was implemented, in hopes of confronting abusive tax avoidance, the effects of which are yet to be seen as the legislation was only introduced in 2013. Consequential to the investigations led by the Public Accounts Committee (PAC), a select committee of the British House of Commons, the success and usefulness of the tax industry being able to regulate itself has become an area of intense political dispute in the UK. The investigations were triggered by the leak of almost 28,000 documents, evidencing the involvement of over 1,000 business, demonstrated the promotion of Luxembourg-based tax-avoidance schemes by PwC. Margaret Hodge, Chairman of the PAC, deemed the actions of PwC to be the promotion of tax avoidance on an industrial scale and called for the UK Government to take the initiative to have a more active role regarding the regulation of the tax industry as it evidently cannot be trusted to regulate itself. Members of Parliament demanded that the Government present a code of conduct for all tax advisers and proposed that submission to this code would govern whether or not companies delivering this service can attain both gover nment and public sector jobs (House of Commons Public Accounts Committee 2013). In addition to this, the Public Accounts Committee demanded that the professional bodies take on a greater lead and be more accountable for their actions with regard to tax avoidance. It is apparent that tax advisers play a very large part of the global issue of tax dodging, the effect being that it costs developing countries billions of pounds annually. The Public Accounts Committees 2013 report underlined the role that the Big 4 accounting firms play in tax avoidance as they generate billions of pounds a year as income from tax planning business in the UK alone, cash generated from worldwide clients is vastly greater. Tax Research UK director Richard Murphy claimed that accountancy firms are essentially the back-bone of the tax avoidance industry and that the act of tax avoidance would not be able to happen without accountancy firms as they are the key suppliers of tax avoidance practices. The PAC now have reason to believe that large accounting firms have been advising their clients of different and more complex forms of tax avoidance, such as developing intricate business operating models that are not limited to a certain group of countries, which impose on the lowest international rates of taxation. In contempt of the evidence submitted by PwC negating the allegations, the PAC concluded that the tax schemes displayed all the characteristics of a mass-marketed tax avoidance scheme. However, there is still cause to debate whether PwC had genuinely done anything wrong other than legally reduce the tax liabilities of its clients. It is important to distinguish the difference between tax avoidance which involves planning affairs within the given framework of the tax legislation in an attempt to reduce tax liabilities, and tax evasion which involves refusing to pay tax liabilities by suppressing knowledge or information from HMRC, or by providing dishonest information. Following the 10 year marker since HMRC was established from the merger of Inland Revenue and HM Customs and Excise, the ruling on the expanded divisions relative success or failure credibly lies somewhere in between. The merger to create HMRC was intended to improve customer service, coordinate strategies and construct efficiencies through economies of scale. We can conclude that the latter point has clearly been a success, however the former point disputably less so. References http://economia.icaew.com/news/february-2015/pac-tax-industry-cannot-be-trusted-to-self-regulate https://www.ft.com/content/d6eaba36-ad46-11e4-a5c1-00144feab7de https://www.marketingweek.com/2009/06/23/if-the-industry-cant-regulate-itself-then-the-government-will-step-in/ https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/public-accounts-committee/news/report-tax-avoidance-the-role-of-large-accountancy-firms-follow-up/ http://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/regulation.html https://www.icsa.org.uk/knowledge/governance-and-compliance/features/june-2015-blurred-lines http://www.taxresearch.org.uk/Blog/2015/02/06/pwc-proves-time-to-end-tax-abuse-by-big-firms-of-accountants-has-arrived/ D. de Widt, E. Mulligan, L. Oats Regulating Tax Advisers, FairTax WP-Series No.6, 2016 Global Warming: Cause and Mitigation Global Warming: Cause and Mitigation Is our atmosphere being compromised from extreme utilization of diverse chemicals? This is the query that has been the position for foremost debate for several years, is human activities causing global warming? When debating in relation to global warming the prime thing to construe is what the foundation of global warming is, and the retort to this plain question is gases of greenhouse. Greenhouse gases are ordinary gases for instance Nitrous Oxide, CO2, or Methane and are produced in one modes or further ways. The preliminary way is, in the course of natural cycles, for illustration, CO2 is released in the course of plant process of photosynthesis or through animal respiration. The substitute greenhouse production of gas approaches from man’s employ of diverse products and fuels; this can direct to anthropogenic changes of climate. Changes of Anthropogenic Climate are conversions in the atmosphere owing to the various activities carried out by humans, and there are realities that these sorts of changes are all over the world. By researching the size of the ice caps of polar we can formulate out that they are constricting and this could be owing to a warmer heat of atmosphere due to the anthropogenic changes in climate. An IPCC details from 2007 signifying levels of a few of the gases of greenhouse additionally exhibits that the greenhouse gases levels in the atmosphere of earth’s has been increasing ever since the time of post-industrial, this can purely be features to human made machines which has been on rising. Diverse behaviors of human being activities are contributing to the rise in temperature of earth. Greenhouse gases are naturally occurring gasses that absorb heats which directly advanced by the sun rays and recoil of to the surface of earth; it’s not that these gases are atrocious in character, we in actuality depend on them to keep up our earth’s typical weather at a sustainable high temperature, which in matter of fact are purely constructive for our surroundings in moderation. The gases for illustration Carbon dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, and Methane in environment are expelled throughout means of inhalation, volcanic action, photosynthesis, and decomposition. They are in addition controlled by nature in succession to keep up these gases in safe restraint, for illustration, plants absorb carbon dioxide to run their cycles of force, this takes away from what is contemporary and composures the balances. During the industrial revolution when human being started carrying out various activities of production they started burning variety of substances for illustration petroleum and coal which have rocketed carbon dioxide levels released through the process of burning and combustion. When carbon dioxide was discharge in atmosphere a little section of what is set free is reabsorbed by natural entity, the respite of it continues lingering in the air. In point of fact, as per to the EPA statements on CO2 found just about 85% of the entire emissions of human greenhouse gas, this can be massive confirmation to sustain that anthropogenic changes in climate are in point sourcing global warming. The matter of global warming is just an inference, an idea, mostly unlock for debate, which is expressly spread out. As for my view on the topic, I expect global warming in point of fact is having an impact on our world. Acid rain is a good quality theme to glance at to uphold my belief, the rain pH levels possibly will not ever be an idyllic 7 owing to natural greenhouse gases, nevertheless they ought to not be at a level that would impair our atmosphere. The New York Times has constructed articles on how acid rain is influencing the Rockies and also national parks, I don’t perceive any additional source for this than a fast raise in pollutants. Other reasons for my worry are the apparent raise in force of tropical storms that have influenced our states and the news of so several tornadoes which can be source by friction of heat in the air. In view of the fact that we have released so much greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and sourced anthropogenic changes of climate, we h ave added to the heat that generates storms like these. I as well suppose in human advancement, consequently if we are going away to carry on moving forward like this, it is our accountability to place policies into play to conserve our welfare as well as our planets’. A number of mitigations have been fetched forth to determine issues for instance melting polar ice caps and acid rain, all sourced by global warming. One of these policies is recognized as Coal taxing, coal taxing is the idea of adding up a tax to our natural resources that are regularly utilized by industries and companies. The sum of tax that is appended on to the fuel sale would all rely on how much fuel emission would add on to the atmosphere when utilized. This idea was proffered in hopes to acquire companies who are endeavoring to be cost cognizant to do one of two things, either decline their operation of these fuels, which successively decreases the releases that they create, or obtain them to discover additional options to acquire energy. One such substitute is the wind mills application to take advantage of wind power which is in actuality extra cost efficient and atmosphere friendly, as a result why wind power might be on the rise. An additional possibility to restrict global warming is to control and capture carbon that is discharged into the air; this would more or less effort like when plant confines carbon for their cycles of energy. This idea might be effectual owing to the reality that it might considerably lesser levels of CO2 which are one of the utmost discharges in our atmosphere. On the other hand, it might be expensive to acquire the means and room to detain and store up the carbon. If I were to decide, I would state coal taxing appears the majority promising for two diverse reasons; not simply does this thought perhaps lesser our emissions, however it might as well motivate us to initiate into fresh forms of energy bringing on additional development for us in places we didn’t suppose to look, all the while being not as much of harmful to us. Whether you suppose in global warming, or you estimate it’s a myth there is large quantity of engaging things to reckon when analyzing at this topic. Are anthropogenic climate changes excruciating our ecosystem? What might be the effect of these changes in climate? Or not even is or energy habit destructive to us, other than are they outdated, and must we initiate discovering additional advancements? All of these can construct the mind to doubt and might even fetch global warming. References Anthropogenic Climate Change, [2013] retrieved from: http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/anthropogenic-climate-change.html Climate Change Indicators in the United States, [06.21.2013], retrieved from : http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/indicators/ghg/ Overview of Greenhouse Gases, [06.21.2013], retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/co2.html Iver Peterson, [1985,] Acid Rain Starting to have an effect on Politics and Environment in West retrieved from : New York times press 30.03.1985

thematic essay on identity -- essays research papers fc

Thematic Essay on Identity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many aspects of identity in the poem â€Å"Sex without Love,† by Sharon Olds. I can relate my own thoughts to how the author views the subject that she talks about in this poem. There has been a situation in my own life where I was thinking to myself, just as the author was, â€Å"How do they do it, the ones who make love without love?† (Olds 740). Having been raised as a well-rounded and disciplined person, as well as religious, I know the discouragement of having premarital sex. It’s not just the immorality that these characters are experiencing that the author is talking about, but they probably have personal issues that have to do with a their self worth and identity. These characters think they know what love is, but the truth is that they are in denial of what they are really doing. Even though religion is an issue to the characters, their identity pushes that concept to the side so that they can do what they desire most. I believe that the author is trying to stress the point that these people are not obeying the word of God and leading themselves into their own temptations. Olds compares the truly religious to the ‘lovers’ by introducing them as people who have sex without being in love by saying, â€Å"These are the true religious, the purist, the pros, the ones who will not accept a false Messiah, love the priest instead of the God† (Olds 740). Part of this poem is ironic because the author starts by questioning... thematic essay on identity -- essays research papers fc Thematic Essay on Identity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many aspects of identity in the poem â€Å"Sex without Love,† by Sharon Olds. I can relate my own thoughts to how the author views the subject that she talks about in this poem. There has been a situation in my own life where I was thinking to myself, just as the author was, â€Å"How do they do it, the ones who make love without love?† (Olds 740). Having been raised as a well-rounded and disciplined person, as well as religious, I know the discouragement of having premarital sex. It’s not just the immorality that these characters are experiencing that the author is talking about, but they probably have personal issues that have to do with a their self worth and identity. These characters think they know what love is, but the truth is that they are in denial of what they are really doing. Even though religion is an issue to the characters, their identity pushes that concept to the side so that they can do what they desire most. I believe that the author is trying to stress the point that these people are not obeying the word of God and leading themselves into their own temptations. Olds compares the truly religious to the ‘lovers’ by introducing them as people who have sex without being in love by saying, â€Å"These are the true religious, the purist, the pros, the ones who will not accept a false Messiah, love the priest instead of the God† (Olds 740). Part of this poem is ironic because the author starts by questioning...

Essay --

As increasing rates of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are becoming intertwined within traditional western practice, it has begun to present itself as a social conundrum. It is believed that the first practices of alternative medicine date back to the mid eighteenth century where as ancient Egyptians were using forms of traditional medicine in the early 5th century BCE. Because it has not been practiced as long as traditional western medicine, it has been framed as a social phenomenon. Its growth is curious in that it is beginning to surface in â€Å"countries were Western science and scientific method generally are accepted as the major foundations for healthcare, and â€Å"evidence-based† practice is the dominant paradigm† (Coulter & Willis 2004). Current US policy and government regulations, like the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, have allowed for CAM to become an integrative part of modernity. This paper examines how the def ining of CAM has influenced past and present societal reforms and how the lack of a singular, all encompassing definition was once problematic in CAM’s ability to converge with traditional western medicine. However, due to the growing appeal of CAM’s treatment methods, economic and political factors have paved a path a successful integration into modern medicine. Unorthodox systems of medicine were first developed in Europe and the United states in the late 1700s but were not completely adopted by doctors until the 1800s. Traditional, or orthodox medicine was established in the West through a process of â€Å"regulation, association, institution building and systematized medical education† (Coulter & Willis 2004) and any form of deviance threatened that. During the Revolutionary ... ...lternative medicine. It is one of the determining factors of a successful healing process and is often inhibited by the limitations of traditional medicine. Many of these movements have included criticism of traditional medicine and a promotion of responsibility of self (Goldstein 2002). By doing so, patients are able to empower themselves through taking control of their treatment instead of playing a passive role in the process. The societal acceptance and popularity of complementary and alternative medicine contains many facets of reason. The values that CAM embodies and the gaps in traditional medicine it is able to fill both contribute to its high rates of success in the past decades. However, its growing appeal to both the economic and political forces that drive our country has given CAM the leverage it needs to become an intrinsic part of the medical world.

“A Rose for Emily” by William Faulkner Essay

The tone in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner expresses a sense of curiosity and fear. The curiosity of the woman’s life and the fear of the unknown is also established with the author’s diction. The two tones even roll over to the point of view of the story (or point of views for this particular story). â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is based solely on the curiosity and fear that lingers in the community in which Old Miss Emily lives. The tone and attitude of Faulkner’s short piece illustrates the desire to know but the fear of what could be found. The citizens of Jefferson want to know the happenings of the reclusive MissEmily Grierson simply because she does not roam and gossip as they do since the absence of her husband. Although they have the need to pry into her private life, they are scared to face her directly simply because few people have even tried. The theme of curiosity is cognizant with these actions and the tone with which they are portrayed. The theme is also carried throughout the story with the diction that William Faulkner chooses to use. He carefully crafts his work to present a want to expose the hidden life of the old woman. He gives her an awful appearance, a rude personality, and an unreasonable dissent to loneliness. His diction also proves the prying habits of others. Observers of Miss Emily always assume about her condition of life. The observers themselves represent the story in which the way it was depicted. Curiosity and also a little bit of innocence is used very significantly with the point of view of a citizen that characterize the point of view of the entire community of Jefferson. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is told by one person, but the ‘we’ used throughout the plot signifies the communal viewpoint that is shared. The eyes through which the story emerges is nothing more than the perspective of a spectator retelling the stories passed down about Miss Emily. The design of the story is based solely on the wonders of people and their curiosity of others. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner Essay â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a tragic story about a woman named Emily Grierson who, for all her life has been controlled by her father. Once her father dies, Emily does not know, nor understand how to live her own life. At first she denies that her father dies; then after three days, with much pressuring from the locals and the doctors, she admits her father’s death and lets the townspeople bury him. Much of the town is wondering what to expect to happen to Emily. Emily becomes a recluse and sends her manservant, Tobe, who has served the family for generations, out to the market to do the shopping for her. One day, she met a Yankee day laborer named Homer Barron. Homer and Emily began seeing each other and eventually seemed to get serious about their relationship. Emily began to fall in love with Homer, but Homer did not have the same feelings for her. One day, Homer disappeared and was never seen nor heard from again. Many years passed and Emily died. Her cousins were curious and went to her home to see where she had lived her life. Upon their arrival, they find a corpse lying on a bed in a mysterious locked room upstairs. On the bed, next to the corpse there was a â€Å"long strand of iron-gray hair† (36). In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† William Faulkner tells a story about a young woman who is overly-influenced and controlled by her father. Her father has made all the decisions for her and he chose whom she could and could not be courted by. After her father died, it took Emily three days to finally allow the townspeople to give her father a proper burial, because of her denial that her father had indeed, died. Emily had relied so heavily on her father for all of her life; she did not know what to do, or how to live. After her father’s death, Emily stays in her house where she felt safe, and does not go out into the outside world, regardless of what had happened and changed. As everything changed in the outside world, Emily still lived with the past. For example, when the new city authorities approach Miss. Emily about her taxes, she explains â€Å"See Col. Sartoris. I have no taxes in Jefferson† (31) – even though Col. Sartoris had been dead for ten years. Emily Grierson is described by Faulkner as a short, fat, and mysterious woman who does not accept change. A good example of Emily Grierson refusing any sort of change is when the town wanted to attach numbers on her house and a mailbox for mail service; Emily Grierson refused to conform to the new ideals. When  Emily met a man named Homer Barron, the townspeople are surprised to see this; â€Å"Of course a Grierson would not think seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer† (33). Miss Emily represents someone who lives in the South and could not accept the real thing that the North takes over the South after the Civil War. â€Å"When the Negro opened the blinds of one window, they could see that the leather was cracked; and when they sat down, a faint dust rose sluggishly about their things, spinning with slow motes in the single sun ray†(30) is an example of old things. Emily’s house with all the old things represents the Old south, which has to face a new moder n generation. The idea behind this story is about Emily’s inability to conform to the present and leave the past. Emily had been dominated by her father her whole life, because of this, when her father finally passed away, Emily cannot face the truth about her father’s death, or her loneliness. When Emily meets Homer Barron, she felt that she once again had balance and security in her life. She feared that Homer may also leave her one-day and she would be alone again. This is the reason that Emily poisons Homer Barron. It is not until the death of Emily Grierson that we find the truth about the death of Homer Barron and how deep Emily Grierson’s insecurity truly is. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a tragic story that tells the tale of a lonely and isolated woman. The tone, extremely morbid and dark, was set at the beginning. He began the story by telling us the ending. We already know that Emily Grierson has died. He then begins to draw a dynamic picture of how Emily had lived; â€Å"†¦only Miss Emily’s house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps-an eyesore among eyesores† (29). The tone that Faulkner starts off with the description of Emily Grierson’s residence is a very dramatic and powerful use of description. An outsider looking in to Emily Grierson’s livelihood narrates â€Å"A Rose for Emily† in the third person. This is a very effective way for Faulkner to write this story. By doing this, we are not led into the thoughts of Emily, but more importantly, we know how Emily Grierson is thought of by the locals. Faulkner utilized many symbols in this short story. He used the fact that Emily is stuck in the past, the time when her father was still alive, and the new alderman and townsfolk. These are symbols of the battle that Emily is experiencing between the old south  (past) and the new south (present). At the end of the story, it is shown what William Faulkner meant by a rose, in his title â€Å"A Rose for Emily†. The â€Å"rose† is all of her dust-covered treasures, especially those of her wedding that she wanted; â€Å"†¦this room decked and furnished as for a bridal:upon the valance curtains of faded rose color, upon the rose-shaded lights, upon the delicate array of crystal and the man’s toilet things backed with the tarnished silver, silver so tarnished that the monogram was obscured†(36). William Faulkner depicts a very morbid and darktheme. The theme itself fits entirely onto his character, Emily Grierson. I believe Faulkner did a very good job in not only writing this story with a strong theme, but he did it in such a way, in every aspect one could see the theme throughout his short story. I think the vivid drawings of how Emily once lived and who she became is extremely important in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†. Works Cited Kennedy, X.J and Dana Giolia. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2005. A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner Essay There are popular sayings that goes â€Å"love moves in mysterious ways† and â€Å"love makes people crazy. † The amalgam of those sayings would somehow serve as a rough description of William Faulkner’s story â€Å"A Rose for Emily. † Since its publication, the story still captures the imagination of many present-day readers—although, in a disturbing way. The title is deceptively, and ingeniously for that matter, designed to make the story seem as a love story. It is important to note that a rose is a generally accepted symbolism for love. However, the story begins with the death of the protagonist. Actually, there are many points in the story that would lead the readers to the conclusion that Faulkner’s story is far from a love story. This reading will be standing beside the argument that â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a love story that presents to the readers love in an unfamiliar form. Faulkner exquisitely described how Emily is madly in love with Homer. She even dreams of being married to him someday. Faulkner’s details resemble a layout of a typical love story. However, all of those beautiful renditions of Emily’s love are just diversions to the author’s twists. When Emily mentioned that she wants to be married to Homer, he replied that â€Å"he was not a marrying man† (366). The reader could almost picture Emily as a rose whose petals are torn by the sharp gust of wind of Homer’s subtle rejection. This particular event of her life had significantly contributed to her impending insanity. And because Emily loves Homer so much, Emily had devised a plan to keep him beside her. She had poisoned Homer, paralyzing him for a moment, and then for eternity. She then set Homer’s lifeless body in her bed, then slept with him—in every context of the word slept. Emily’s version of love could be described as unconventional. The story begins describing how the townspeople of Jefferson (Faulkner’s fictional city) treated her â€Å"†¦a sort of fallen monument† (Faulkner 5). Even though the townspeople treat Emily in a revered manner, it would be arguable that they have love for her. In the first part, Emily is already dead and her pitiful yet gruesome background would be unfolded as the plot progresses. A safer claim to make about the townspeople treatment to Emily is that they pity her at the same time disgusted by her life, or more particularly, her love life. The shocking ending, considered a classic, reveals to the readers that Emily had murdered the one she truly loves, Homer Barron. It is just understandable that the townspeople of Jefferson and the readers (of the real world) would raise the question: could this be considered love? If we would set aside the conventional notions of love (like couples promising to each other eternity, sincerely caring for one another, a mutual understanding, etc. ), Emily’s version of love would certainly be dismissed. However, we could still interpret Emily’s actions as out of love, but to put it more succinctly, it should be categorized as unrequited love. It should not be disputed anymore that anyone is capable love, even those with hints of insanity. Moreover, it is a general notion that a person who loves someone needs some kind of returned love. And if love is unrequited, the most likely effect on the unrequited lover would be a seemingly incurable misery. Emily’s murder of Homer is oftentimes interpreted as an act of desperation. On the other hand, it could also regarded as an reaction to the subliminal messages of her love and passion for Homer. As we know of love, through literature and real life, it could paint in our minds illusions of being easily loved back. Emily may have been genuinely convinced that she would someday marry Homer and that they would spend eternity in each other’s arms. The living Homer had rejected her proposal, she may have immediately though that the dead Homer may compromise. Moreover, she had set the dead body in a bed, a symbolism for marriage. In addition, it is implied that she had slept with the dead body of Homer. It is important to consider that the context of the story is a time period where the people are mostly conservatives, especially the aristocrats like Emily’s family. It could be interpreted that she did not slept with the body out of mere lust, it could be something close to being love itself. Emily’s life could be considered lacking love. The title, â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, suggests that she desperately needs to be loved. She loved her aristocratic lifestyle and her father who provides it for her. But when her father had passed away, she may have felt that all she loved had gone to grave with her father, â€Å"†¦being left alone and a pauper, she had become humanized† (366). Considering her mental state, she had found love in Homer, he does not want to be with her, it is just understandable that she would do anything to be with the one she loves. After all, the topic at hand is love, a term and a concept with no satisfying definition. Even science admits that love is more than just chemical reactions. If we would delve further in this attempt to understand love, we might just end up mad like Emily. Works Cited Faulkner, William. A Rose for Emily. An Introduction to Literature. Ed. Joseph Terry. New York: Longman, 2001 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner Essay â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short story by American author William Faulkner. It tells about an old woman named Emily Grierson lives in the town of Jefferson. The tale sets in the early nineteen hundreds, it opens with the town finding out about Emily’s death. Through the whole story, people learn of the life and times of Emily, her relationship with the town, her father and her lover. People find out the truth that Emily was hiding at the end of the story. There are many different symbolisms in the story Among all of the symbolisms , the monument, the frame, the grey hair, the house and a rose are the most important and thoughtful ones throughout the entire story. The monument appears in the beginning of the story as the first symbolism. â€Å"When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument†(A Rose For Emily). Faulkner calls Emily a â€Å"fallen monument†, it also could understand as an â€Å"idol in a niche†. It shows that how the town views her and to connect her to the idea of the old, genteel Southern ways. The modern townspeople don’t know what to do with her, and she is so closed off to them, but they respect her enough to just leave her alone. Like Faulkner states, she was like a statue — only representing a real, living person and â€Å"thus she passed from generation to generation — dear, inescapable, impervious, tranquil, and perverse.† In her old age she is seen as a monument to the past that is never seen outside of her house. All of the respect that her father had earned died with the old men and women of the town. Frames also seem to be symbolic in â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† One of the examples is the scene where the narrator is describing Miss Emily’s father as standing in the foreground and framed by the doorway as he held would be suitors at bay. Meanwhile Miss Emily is framed in the background. Emily’s father. Mr. Grierson is a controlling, looming presence even in death, and the community clearly sees his lasting influence over Emily. Also he references framing with reference to her crayon picture of her father in the gold frame. The whole story is framed in the idea of traditions dying out as time passes. monument† who left a part of her behind in the grey hair. The single grey hair on the pillow is another symbolism. The old hair on the pillow signifies that Emily is a history in the town now, lying with corpses as all that she has had to be proud of is also dead. Her desperate attempt to maintain a hold upon the past has failed and she is a â€Å"fallen angel’. The house that Emily lives in is a symbolism that shows the decay as Emily begin getting older and older. The house at one time was one of the most beautiful homes in the whole town of Jefferson. In Emily’s youth the house was always well kept. As Emily aged so did the house she lived in. The street she lives in from the symbolic of high class became the worst for the entire town. With faded paint and an unkempt yard it even began to smell at one point. The men of the old Jefferson would never tell a lady that her house smelled so they cured the smell themselves. It would seem that the house and Emily where connected in a way. Both of them had grown old and lost their brightness. The house was also looked at in the same way as Emily. Emily lost her mind and her looks. The house lost the beauty it once held due to old age. They where looked at as a monument to the past. The most important symbolism among the all in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is in the title itself. The rose is most often thought of as a symbol for love in the case Homer is the â€Å"rose† or love for Emily. Her father thought there was no man was good enough for her or for the Grierson family. Therefore she was never able to experience passion or the rose of love until she met Homer. The rose for Emily is hope, and passion. However, there is another meaning of rose to consider. However, the rose in the title of the story could therefore stand for Emily’s secret; that is Homer her â€Å"rose† whom she cherished, loved and kept to herself even after his body was corrupted by the decay of time. While Faulkner had many symbolisms in â€Å"A Rose For Emily†, the symbolisms of the monument, the frame, the grey hair, the house and a rose are the most important and worthful ones throughout the entire story. Author William Faulkner truly wrote a wonderful story about an old women who loses her mind. â€Å"A Rose For Emily† uses different symbolisms to show the way in which people all grow old and decay, it tells a story of fallen angel Emily’s life. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner Essay Love, obsession and Gossip In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† William Faulkner uses the point of view of the townspeople to show their personal opinions and judgment’s of Miss Emily. He writes a story about a woman who is traumatized by the way her father has raised her and the effects of his strict and overprotective mentality. Because of her father’s death she finds it difficult to let go and live a normal life that involves social interaction. To make matters worse than her anti-social attitude, Emily is stereotyped and judged by those in her community. In light of her upbringing and the judgments of the townspeople, Emily becomes attached to anyone who shows her attention. In turn, she is very protective and insecure of herself in her ability to keep those who she cares about in her life. Emily’s father was a wealthy man who would stop at nothing to make his daughter happy, or so he thought. He was said to be so wealthy that he â€Å"had loaned money to the town† (432). He was very strict with Miss Emily in that he would not let any males come to visit or even come near her. Faulkner illustrates this characteristic in writing, â€Å"None of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily and such† (434). The relationships and love that Emily desired were brutally taken away from her because of her father’s struggle to maintain the family status. The author illustrates this by explaining her situation, â€Å"†¦ even with insanity in the family she wouldn’t have turned down all of her chances if they had really materialized† (434). Regardless if Emily wanted to date or not, her father would not let ny of her relationships flourish. Because of her father’s attitude, Emily grew to be very sheltered, and it was no surprise to the town that she was single at the age of thirty. Her father was selfish, and his selfishness abolished all hopes of happiness for her. She felt stuck in her father’s world with no way out. Not only did she feel alone, but she was also under extreme pressure to live up to her father’s name and maintain the families status in their town. Emily’s need to have someone in her life becomes so great that it leads her to stray from her father’s expectations. This is evident when Miss Emily begins to show interest in Homer Barron, a â€Å"Yankee† construction foreman. Emily’s actions raise a dispute of feelings among the townspeople, â€Å"†¦because the ladies all said, ‘Of course a Grierson would not think  seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer.’ But there were still others, old people, who said that even grief could not cause a real lady to forget noblesse oblige-without calling it noblesse oblige† (435). The difference in opinions of the townspeople suggests the generation gap and values of the different generations. The new and old generationsâ€℠¢ values conflict because they each believe in different ideas. The older townspeople want Emily to behave appropriately and live up to her family’s name. They are also more willing to help Emily in her endeavours because they think of her as proper and noble. The older generation of townspeople felt that her family was â€Å"a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town, dating from that day in 1894 when Colonel Sartoris, the mayor-†¦-remitted her taxes† (432). The older generation performed favors for Emily because of her family’s status and heritage. They wanted Miss Emily to fail because it would satisfy their hidden jealousies. The new generation on the other hand, is not as compassionate toward her because they are only familiar with her, not her past relatives, who were well respected and admired. The new generation was not favorable to her past situation. â€Å"When the next generation, with its more modern ideas, became mayors and aldermen, this arrangement created some little dissatisfaction† (432). The arrangement of Emily’s remitted taxes was not accepted by the new generation of town officials. Faulkner illustrates the difference in values near the beginning of the story to introduce the reader to Emily’s situation. Throughout the story, evidence proves that Emily’s every move is scrutinized by her community. For example, when the story opens, everyone in the town is at her funeral. Faulkner writes, â€Å"Our whole town went to the funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man servant-a combined gardener and cook-had seen in at least ten years†( 431). The people of the town go to Miss Emily’s funeral, not out of respect, but out of hypocrisy and curiosity. The community views her as a â€Å"fallen monument.† The men in the town attend the funeral to respect her family’s name and her father’s suc cess while the women went solely to judge her home. In other words, she was once looked upon highly, but through the years she became a recluse and detached herself from society. Emily’s reasons for secluding herself from society go back to when her father was alive and he was her world. After her  father’s death, she has a hard time dealing with the fact that he has passed on because now she is alone. Her father kept her from finding anyone worth marrying, so now she will have to live by herself. The reader can reason Emily’s importance of her father from Faulkner’s writing, â€Å"On a tarnished gilt easel before the fireplace stood a crayon portrait of Miss Emily’s father† (432). The reader can assume that the portrait was drawn by her and she is trying to hold onto the only person left in her life. The loss of her father leads Emily to pursue a relationship with the northerner, Homer Barron. Emily becomes attached to him because she is lonely and feels rejected by the town. The traditions , customs, and prejudices of the South doom their â€Å"so-called† affair to end. Emily and him would take drives and attend church together, but according to Faulkner’s story Emily discovers that he is not attracted to women. She is already in an unstable state of mind and this information pushes her to the extreme. Emily’s relationship with Barron becomes an obsession rather than a love or compassion. Her obsession forces her to take things to the next level. Emily buys items which point towards marriage and the town begins to talk, as usual. According to Faulkner, Emily purchases â€Å"a man’s toilet set in silver, with the letters H.B. On each piece† and â€Å"a complete outfit of men’s clothing, including a nightshirt† (436). Emily’s beliefs that she was going to have this man forever cause her to buy these things. In Emily’s eyes, whether he wanted to be with her or not, she was determined to have him for her own. The reader does not discover that she has secretly poisoned Homer Barron with arsenic until the end of the story. Out of curiosity the townspeople search her home, but not until after her burial. Their findings satisfies their desire to know the real truth about her. Faulkner writes, â€Å"The body had apparently once lain in the attitude of embrace, but now the long sleep that outlasts love, that conquers even the grimace of love, had cuckolded him† (438). This statement proves that Emily kills Homer out of desperation because she new that by killing him he would never leave her like her father did, because this sleep would, â€Å"outlast love†. Miss Emily’s father had sheltered her so much that she could not possibly see herself alone again. All of Miss Emily’s actions throughout her life, prove that she did not kill Homer out of love, but out of desperation and loneliness. She became her father’s child and sheltered Homer like her father had once sheltered her.  Homer was Emily’s â€Å"rose† and she was not going to let it die.